Criminals in India: Tracing the Evolution of the Mafia and Modern Organized Crime

India has a long and a complex history of crime, ranging from minor theft and dacoits to the best sophisticated mafia syndicates. This operates across international borders. Among the most infamous figures are underworld dons like Dawood Ibrahim, Chhota Rajan, and Arun Gawli,. There influence extended beyond the streets of Mumbai into politics, hindi cinema (Bollywood), and a global criminal networks. Alongside these mafia dons, there are also local strongmen, bandits, and structured gangs, who shaped the narrative of crime in different regions of the country.

This article explores the main criminals in India and their rise to power, networks, and lasting impact on law enforcement and a society.

Early Criminal Traditions in India

Before the rise of the modern criminal, India faced threats from bandits and dacoits.

(like Phoolan Devi, the “Bandit Queen,” and Veerappan, the sandalwood(chandan) smuggler from the forest of Tamil Nadu and Karnataka which capture national headlines. These information reflects the older form of Indian crime roots in rural poverty, rebellion, and survival.

However, by the mid of 20th century, crime in India transform with urbanization and global trade, and Mumbai emerge as the core of organize crime, giving birth to the legendary mafia dons.

The Mumbai Underworld: Cradle of Indian Mafia

Mumbai, the India’s financial capital, and became the core of organized crime due to its ports, wealth, and sprawling slums.

·         Haji Mastan (Smuggling King)

One of the early dons, Haji Mastan control over gold smuggling and became a symbol of style and a power. He later ventures into a film financing and a politics.

·         Karim Lala (Pathan Gang Leader)

An Afghan based gangster who dominates in  a gambling dens, extortion, and money laundering  in a Mumbai city.

·         Varadarajan Mudaliar (Varada Bhai)

A Tamil based don who rule on a dockside smuggling and became the part of Mumbai mafia “triumvirate” along with Haji Mastan and Karim Lala.

Together, these three mafias lay the foundation of the Mumbai underworld, opening doors for Dawood Ibrahim.

Dawood Ibrahim: The Global Face of Indian Crime

The most infamous criminal in India, Dawood Ibrahim started his life and criminal career from Dongri, Mumbai, and lead the most powerful mafia company called D-Company. His empire span smuggling, extortion, and drug trafficking, and international money laundering (Hawala). Dawood Ibrahim is also accuse for masterminding the 1993 Mumbai bomb blasts, and making him Indias most wanted criminal and terrorist.

Operating from abroad, reportedly in uae or Karachi, Dawood Ibrahim network became global, linking with cartel in the Middle East, Europe, and Africa. His partners in crime like Chota Shakeel, Abu Salem, Tiger Memon, and Iqbal Mirchi further expanded Dawood Ibrahim criminal empire.

Chhota Rajan: From Ally to Rival

Once a Dawood Ibrahim  loyal lieutenant, Chhota Rajan broke away after the 1993 blasts, claim to be a “nationalist don” who would not harm any Indian. This spark a deadly rivalry between chota rajan and dawood Ibrahim , leading to  shootouts and assassinations in Mumbai and abroad. Chota Rajan was finally arrested in 2015 and gets back to India, marking the end of one of Mumbai India most feared gangster.

Arun Gawli: The Don Who Became a Politician

Known as a “Daddy”, Arun Gawli started his life and crime from the streets of Byculla south Mumbai to become a feared gangster, unlike Dawood Ibrahim  and chota Rajan,  arun Gawli built his empire on local extortion and murders. He later entered into politics, and even serve as a (MLA) in Maharashtra. His journey symbolizes the criminal politician nexus in India.

Abu Salem and Bollywood Mafia Links

Another criminal, Abu Salem, worked under Dawood Ibrahim before becoming a powerful gangster himself. He was involved in a Bollywood extortion rackets, and threatening actors and producers. Abu Salem romantically involved with actress Monica Bedi made him a sensation. Arrested and extradited from Portugal, he remains in an Indian custody today.

Regional Mafia and Criminals in India

While Mumbai remains the mafias capital, other regions also produced infamous criminals:

·         Veerappan (Forest Bandit)

Smuggled sandalwood (Chandan) and ivory, kidnapped politicians, and terrorize southern India until killed in 2004.

·         Mukhtar Ansari (UP Don)

Local don from Uttar Pradesh whose linked to gang wars and a politics.

·         Brijesh Singh (Eastern UP Don)

Main competitors to Mukhtar Ansari, involved in organize crime and building mafias.

·         Vikas Dubey (Kanpur Don)

His violent surprise attack of police in 2020 made headlines before he was killed in an encounter.

·         Lawrence Bishnoi (Punjab Gang Leader)

A modern day gangster, who’s infamous for extortion and linked to high profile killings, and also giving threats to salman khan (famous actor).

Types of Mafia in India

The rise of criminals in India has also led to the formation of specialized mafias:

·         Land Mafia: illegitimate land grabbing and real estate frauds.

·         Sand Mafia: Illegal mining of sand mostly in states like Tamil Nadu and Uttar Pradesh.

·         Mining Mafia: Coal and iron mafias control billions in unlawful profits.

·         Bollywood Mafia: Extortion and financing link to the  film industry.

·         Drug Mafia: Punjab and coastal states is hub for narcotics smuggling.

Law Enforcement and Crackdowns

Indian police have launched several encounter operations against criminals. The rise of the “encounter specialist” in Mumbai during the 1990s destabilized many mafias. Agencies like the CBI, NIA, and Interpol continue to hunt international dons like Dawood Ibrahim.

Legacy of Crime in India

Criminals in India, from Haji Mastan to Dawood Ibrahim, Arun Gawli to Vikas Dubey, reflect that the countrys struggle against mafias groups. They shaped the history of Indian mafias, and influenced politics, and even distorted Bollywood culture.

Conclusion

The story of criminals in India is not just about individual dons its about a group of mafias, corruption, and a power struggles. From Mumbai underworld mafia to Uttar Pradesh strongmen and Punjabi gangs, the Indian mafia has left mark on a society.

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